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本文转载自12月24日 | 孟巴通航加深联系，印却担忧此举“威胁地区安全”
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新德里电视台、《金融时报》12月23日报道，巴基斯坦与孟加拉国逐步恢复海运往引发印强烈不满。11月13日，来自卡拉奇的巴货船抵达孟吉大港，这是两国自1971年孟独立以来的第一次直接航运。此前，货物通常从巴经第三国（斯里兰卡、新加坡、马来西亚）运往孟。12月23日，第二艘来自巴的货船抵达吉大港，船上载有白云石、大理石、服装原料等重要工业原料和商品。知情人士表示，孟已取消“实地检查来自巴货物”的规定，孟航运部某些官员还建议重审印度-孟加拉国沿海航运协议，该协定允许印航船进入吉大港和蒙格拉港。印分析人士认为，印有必要密切监视从巴出发抵达孟的船只，因为船只上恐载有恐怖分子和叛乱组织走私的武器，这会进一步推动地区极端主义，进而影响印东北部安全。
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图源：网络《印度教徒报》、印度报业托拉斯12月24日报道，印外长苏杰生12月24-29日访美，同美围绕印美关系、重要地区和全球问题展开探讨。据悉，苏杰生本次访美议程主要有二：一是与即将卸任的拜登政府进行沟通。有消息称，拜登政府卸任前有意安排一次“美印关键和新兴技术倡议”（iCET）会议，并计划让美国家安全事务顾问苏利文2025年1月访印。同时，双方也将围绕巴以、俄乌、叙利亚、孟加拉国等热点问题展开交流。二是苏杰生将代表莫迪政府接触特朗普过渡团队成员、内阁提名人员，探讨特朗普上任后即将召开的印美双边高层会议，以及2025年印主办“四方安全机制”（QUAD）峰会等事项。分析人士指出，2016年，苏杰生在特朗普胜选后也曾访美，旨在为2017年7月莫迪访美打下基础。因此，不排除苏杰生此行后莫迪2025年再次访美的可能性。
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图源：美联社《印度快报》、路透社12月24日报道，孟加拉国临时政府12月23日正式向印递交外交照会，以“希望前总理哈西娜回国配合司法流程”为由，要求自印引渡哈西娜。对此，印外交部当日晚些时候表示已收到孟关于引渡请求的外交照会，但拒绝对此置评。据悉，自哈西娜流亡印以来，孟临时政府已对其提出包括危害人类罪、种族灭绝罪、谋杀罪等多项指控，但哈西娜本人否认上述指控。分析指出，印孟当前围绕“引渡哈西娜”的分歧主要集中在两国对引渡条款的解读上：孟方坚持临时政府有权根据印孟引渡条款自印引渡哈西娜；而印方认为，两国引渡条款中已明确表示相关条款不适用于“政治罪行”，因而印方需审查孟引渡理由和法条后，再做最终决定。
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印国防部长拉杰纳特出席在新德里举行的空军指挥官会议。图源：X《印刷报》12月23日报道，印国防部召集海陆空三军展开一项内部研究：明确各军种未来8-10年的军备采购优先级、相关困难和解决方案等。据悉，该研究在近期印空军内部高级会议上启动，印防长、国防参谋长、国防研究与发展组织负责人、国防部国防生产负责人均出席此次会议。会议提出，印空军战斗机、加油机、预警机面临严重短缺。以战斗机为例，印空军在战斗机采购问题上长期面临经费不足、交付延期、政治因素牵涉等问题，导致印空军战斗机部队规模严重萎缩，目前在编的仅有31个中队，距42个中队的总编制减少了近三成。
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图源：《印度快报》NEWS
德鲁瓦·贾尚卡尔。图源：网络《印度快报》12月23日报道，印外长苏杰生之子、印智库“观察家研究基金会”（ORF）美国分部执行董事（Dhruva Jaishankar）德鲁瓦围绕其新书《世界事务》（Vishwa Shastra）接受印媒采访。书中指出，尽管印历史上坚持“不结盟政策”，但自1991年以来印外交政策正逐渐变化。例如，印融入经济全球化，逐渐摆脱与巴对立关系，并在全球舞台上扮演更重要角色。未来，印将进行更多外交互动，同时也面临更多风险与挑战：一是中国崛起。德鲁瓦强调中国崛起是影响印外交政策的最大因素。一方面，无论是在“印太”地区还是与美俄巴的关系中，印外交政策都深受中国影响。另一方面，中印在领土和经济利益方面相互竞争，印势必会重新审视其国际战略。二是拉奥总理时期的“东望政策”仍将发挥作用，同时印将与“全球南方”国家开展更多外交接触。他认为，印面向“全球南方”的外交不仅是为了参与大国竞争，还因为印与“全球南方”国家的共同利益非常紧密。三是印与孟巴等邻国的关系将更加复杂。德鲁瓦认为，“邻国优先”政策并不适用于巴，“巴在南盟（SAARC）中的顽固态度阻碍了南亚一体化”。
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2022年3月，巴基斯坦阅兵式上，巴陆军士兵站在防空导弹系统上敬礼。图源：路透社《印刷报》12月23日发表题为《美对巴的制裁已失去效力，无法阻止巴国防计划》的评论认为，“美制裁巴发展核能力”一事凸显美巴互信日益缺失，而造成这一局面的主要原因是美在印巴之间越来越偏向印。本文作者阿伊莎·西迪卡（Ayesha Siddiqa）系伦敦国王学院战争研究系高级研究员。
近期，美以“巴支持远程弹道导弹计划”为由制裁四家巴企业，美巴双边关系一度紧张。美国务院发言人马修·米勒（Matthew Miller）表示，美制裁措施主要针对参与分销大规模杀伤性武器及其运载工具的企业。而巴对美本轮制裁的反应较为谨慎。巴外交部表示，美本次制裁“旨在加剧南亚地区军事不对称的问题”。巴这一表态间接谴责了美故意忽视印弹道导弹与核扩散问题。
自1977年以来，巴、印两国均因核项目遭美制裁。然而，美本轮行动是1998年印巴两国公开拥核后美首次制裁巴国有企业。不久前，即将卸任的拜登总统称巴为“最危险的国家”，剑指巴核项目。巴外交部认为，美对巴本轮制裁仅针对巴一国，这反映出美在印巴之间优先考虑印的利益，美巴两国日益缺失战略互信。
“印太”战略方面，美亲印立场推动其对巴制裁。巴战略计划部前负责人基德瓦伊（Khalid Kidwai）称，巴近期聚焦发展弹道导弹能力是因为其 日益担忧印在周边地区的动向，特别是在安达曼和尼科巴群岛。为建立与印防御能力相匹配的二次打击能力，巴正试图通过发展其他技术弥补自身缺失核潜艇的短板。然而值得注意的是，即使美支持印，美也不能容忍印巴发动有限战争或升级冲突，因为这将严重干扰美“印太战略”。此外，美担忧巴未来将军事建设用于对抗美国、助力中国。
战略互信方面，美长期不信任巴基斯坦。一方面，巴军方长期向美国传达渴望在中美间“走中间道路”的愿望，但并未获美信任。另一方面，在反恐上，巴虽声称与美合作打击恐怖主义，却长期与塔利班武装组织合作。这不仅导致两国战略互信缺失，还导致美认为巴比朝鲜更不稳定。
巴前驻美大使侯赛因·哈卡尼（Hussain Haqqani）认为，美对巴制裁可能不会奏效，因为制裁仅能表达美不满情绪，实际上造成不了太大影响。尽管如此，巴仍需谨慎对待美本轮制裁，主要原因有二：一是即将卸任的拜登政府通过本轮制裁向包括巴在内的核扩散国家发出的强烈信号——美不会容忍任何国家增强核能力，这一表态在特朗普新任期也将如此。二是美潜在的次级制裁恐妨碍巴对外合作，进而妨碍巴备件、组件、小型技术流通。
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